New sloshing guidelines for LNG cargo containment systems

The document is aimed at improving design procedures with respect to sloshing forces, and is the result of a long programme of research and development, including extensive consultation with industry, and an investment of over £700k. The document has been used as part of the appraisal process for the approval of the largest LNG carrier built to date – the Q-Max type ships, of which Lloyd’s Register is the lead class.

Sloshing is the motion of a fluid in a partially filled tank which may in sometimes be violent. The principal factors that affect the behaviour of the fluid motion are the tank shape, fill height and the ship’s motions. As a consequence of this motion high impact forces can occur on the tank boundaries and this document concerns itself with the design procedures necessary to assess the strength of the tank boundary to these sloshing impacts.

'Sloshing Assessment Guidance Document for Membrane Tank LNG Operations' provides guidance and recommendations on the assessment of sloshing in membrane LNG tanks. It provides design teams with an overview of suitable procedures for assessing the strength of Gaztransport and Technigaz NO96, Mark III cargo containment systems (CCS) and also new containment systems.

The guidance mainly applies to membrane tank LNG ships with a barred fill range typical of the vast majority of membrane tank LNG ships in current operation. It can also be applied for the assessment of membrane tank LNG ships at offshore terminals or for LNG ships with no barred fill range. The document can also form the basis of a sloshing assessment procedure for in-depth investigation on other ship types that store or transport liquefied or liquid cargoes in large tanks and which are expected to experience significant sloshing loads. These include:
• Moss spherical tank LNG ships
• LPG ships
• offshore storage or production vessels, e.g. FLNG, FSRU applications using membrane (or independent) LNG tanks.

The document gives guidance to the designer on the use of the following assessment methods:
• model testing or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or a combination of both to derive the sloshing loads
• linear and non linear dynamic finite element analysis of the CCS and the supporting hull structure supported by physical testing to derive the structural response and ultimate capacity of the system
• assessment methods based on extreme value analysis or structural reliability analysis techniques.